A prototype is an
early sample, model or release of a product built to test a concept or process
or to act as a thing to be replicated or learned from. A
prototype is designed to test and trial a new design to enhance precision by
system analysts and users. Prototyping serves to provide specifications for a
real, working system rather than a theoretical one.
Design and modeling
In many fields, there is great
uncertainty as to whether a new design will actually do what is desired. New
designs often have unexpected problems. A prototype is often used as part of
the product design process to allow engineers and designers the ability to
explore design alternatives, test theories and confirm performance prior to
starting production of a new product. Engineers use their experience to tailor
the prototype according to the specific unknowns still present in the intended
design.
Prototypes are used to
confirm and verify consumer interest in a proposed design whereas prototypes
will also attempt to verify the performance or suitability of a specific design
approach.
Differences between a prototype and a production design
Prototypes will differ from the final production variant in
three fundamental ways:
Materials. Production materials may require
manufacturing processes involving higher capital costs than what is practical
for prototyping. Instead, engineers or prototyping specialists will attempt to
substitute materials with properties that simulate the intended final material.
Processes. Often expensive and time consuming unique
tooling is required to fabricate a custom design. Prototypes will often
compromise by using more variable processes,
repeatable or controlled methods; substandard, inefficient,
or substandard technology sources; or insufficient testing for technology
maturity.
Lower fidelity. Final production designs often
require extensive effort to capture high volume manufacturing detail. Often prototypes are built using very limited
engineering detail as compared to final production intent, which often uses
statistical process controls and rigorous testing.